In qualitative techniques, research design and reasoning bothers on how and why the data is gathered and analysed. Researchers usually do their research using phenomenology, grounded theory, or case study methods. As a result, when it comes to qualitative research methodology design, the researcher is crucial. The technique includes how the samples are chosen, as well as the final selection of sample sizes. It also includes how the data is gathered. On a similar topic, the data plan must detail everything from establishing units of meaning to extracting themes and summarizing interviews in a step-by-step manner. Issues of trustworthiness (i.e., credibility, reliability, and transferability)

Qualitative data analysis requires a 5-step process

1. Prepare and organize your data. Print out your transcripts, gather your notes, documents, or other materials. Mark the source, any demographics you may have collected, or any other information that will help you analyze your data
2. Review and explore the data. This will require you to read your data, probably several times, to get a sense of what it contains. You may want to keep notes about your thoughts, ideas, or any questions you have.
3. Create initial codes. Use highlighters, notes in the margins, sticky pads, concept maps, or anything else that helps you to connect with your data. See the attached document that demonstrates how one might highlight key words and phrases as well as make notes in the margins to categorize the data:
4. Review those codes and revise or combine into themes Identify recurring themes, language, opinions, and beliefs
5. Present themes in a cohesive manner. Consider your audience, the purpose of the study, and what content should be included to best tell the story of your data.